V Semester notes of Biochemistry references

   v semester biochemistry (bangalore                  university)

    Paper5.1
   
1. Introduction
   Development and scope of biochemistry, Biochemical composition of living organism, water as a solvent of life.

2. carbohydrates
    Biological importance and classification. Monosaccharides, D and L designation. Glucose-structural elucidation and conformation. Ring structure of fructose, galactose, mannose and ribose. Straight chair structure of sodoheptulose. Epimers and anomies, ascending and descending of monosaccharide series. Derived monosaccharides, structure and decending of monosaccharide series Derived monosaccharide; Structure and biological importance of  amino sugars, sugar phosphates, sugar acids and deoxy sugars. Disaccharides, glycoside linkage, structure and biological importance of sucrose, maltose, lactose, isomaltose, cellobise and trehalose polysaccharides. Strong starch and glycogen. Structural cellulose and chitin, Pectin's, glycosaminoglycan, cell wall components peptidogylcan and teichioc acid

3. Amino Acids

Protein and non-protein amino acids, structure and classification of alpha-amino acids, acids-base, chemical and optical properties. Peptides; The peptide bond biologically important peptides, proteins; classification based on composition, shape and function, colour reaction. Structural organization- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, denaturation

4. lipids and Membrances
     classification and biological function.
 Fatty acids; classification based on structure, properties of fatty acids, Acyl glycerol; Hydrolysis, Rancidity, acid, suponification and iodine values. Phosphoglycerides; structures and biological roles, sphingolipids; phosphosphingolipids-sphingomyelins; Glycosphingolipids ganliosides and cerebrosides. Prostaglandins; An overview of biological roles, structure of PGE2 and PGE3. water of biological importance, Lipoproteins, Types and functions, Membrances, Behavior of anplnpathic lipids in water, formation of micelles, bilayers and vehicles. Lipoproteins-types and functions. Functions and chemical composition of biological membrances. Fluid mosaic model. Storoids-Function of cholic acid, cholesterol, androgen and estrogens.

5. Bioenergytic and biological oxidation
   Bioenergetics, Energy transformation in living systems, free energy concept, Exergonic and endergonic reaction, ATP and other high energy compounds, energy coupling. Biological oxidation; Stepwise process of biological oxidation, standard reduction potentials of same biochemically important half-reaction, calculation of energy yields from biological oxidation reduction reactions. Mitochondria electron transport chain-components, schematic representation indicating sites of ATP synthesis. Oxidative phosphorylation-chemiosmotic theory(an outline).

PAPER 5.2  BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Enzymes
charateristic feature, classification, specificity, active site. Theories of intraction between active sites and substrate. Enzyme assays and international Units.
   Enzymes Kinetics; Factors affecting the rate of enzymes-catalyzed reaction-enzymes concentration, substrate concentration, Michaolis-Menten Equation, PH, and temperature, Significance of Km and Vmax and their determination using Line Weaver-Burk plots.
   Enzyme inhibitor, reversible and irreversible, Revversible-Competitive, non-compitative, uncompatative inhibition's with graphical representations using L-B plots.Brief mention of allosteric enzymes and isoenzymes. Biotechnological and clinical application of enzymes.

2. Nucleic acids
     components of nucleic acids nucleosides, nucleotides, and polynucleotides, Occurrence and isolation of nucleic acids. Properties of nucleic acids, Chemicals synthesis of oligonucleotides. DNA; Biological role, structure, polymorphism, denaturation, renaturation, Structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA Nuceoproteins. RNA:Types and biological role structure of RNA, nucleoproteins.

3. Mutations
    Types-base substitution, missense, frame shift mutation, mutagens and mutagenesis.

4. Molecular Biology
  Introduction, DNA replication semi-conservative mode of replication, and experimental verification. Enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in replication. An outline of the mechanism of action of prokaryotic DNA polymerases. RNA Biosynthesis-initiation, elongation, and termination, reverse transcription-HIV replication, RNA polymerase, comparison of RNA polymerase, Comparison of RNA polymerases with DNA polymerases. The genetic code-general features. Ribosomes. Protein synthesis(prokaryotic); Activation of amino acids, initiation, elongation, and termination, properties of amino acyl tRNA synthetases, Post transcriptional process. Introduction to operon concept; lac-operon. Replication, transcription and translation as targets for antibiotic action.
  
reference

DNA Replication inprokaryotic organism

DNA Replication inEukaryotic organism

Genetic engineering andcloning

Human genetics videonotes

I Semesterbiotechnology(cell biology and genetic)

II semesterbiotechnology(Microbiology and biostatistic)

III Semesterbiotechnology (Biochemistry and biostatistic)

IV Semesterbiotechnology (molecular biology)

V Semesterbiotechnology (paper5-genetic

VI Semesterbiotechnology(plant biotechnology and industrial biotechnology)

Genetics

I semesterGenetics(fundamental of cell biology)

II semester genetics(principles of Genetic)

III semester genetics

IV semester genetics(molecular Genetics)

V semester genetics(paper5 Recombinant DNA technology)

Paper 6 Human Genetics

Vi semester Genetics(paper7 Advance Genetic)

Paper8 Genetics (Applied Genetics)

   

    BIOCHEMISTRY

I semester biochemistry

II semesterbiochemistry

III semesterbiochemistry

Iv semesterbiochemistry

V semester biochemistry

Vi semesterbiochemistry